Jump to content

Billie Jean

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the tennis player, see Billie Jean King. For the film, see The Legend of Billie Jean.

"Billie Jean"
The US 7-inch vinyl single
Single by Michael Jackson
from the album Thriller
B-side
ReleasedJanuary 3, 1983
Recorded1982
StudioWestlake (Los Angeles, California)[1]
Genre
Length
  • 4:57 (original album/European single version)[2]
  • 4:52 (album reissue/US single version with early fade out)
  • 6:21 (12-inch version)
LabelEpic
Songwriter(s)Michael Jackson
Producer(s)
Michael Jackson singles chronology
"The Girl Is Mine"
(1982) 		"Billie Jean"
(1983) 		"Beat It"
(1983)
Music video
"Billie Jean" on YouTube

"Billie Jean" is a song by the American singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on January 3, 1983, as the second single from his sixth studio album, Thriller (1982). It was written and composed by Jackson, produced by Quincy Jones, and co-produced by Jackson. "Billie Jean" blends post-disco, R&B, funk, and dance-pop. The lyrics describe a woman, Billie Jean, who claims that the narrator is the father of her newborn son, which he denies. Jackson said the lyrics were based on groupies' claims about his older brothers when he toured with them as the Jackson 5.

"Billie Jean" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, topped the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart within three weeks, and became Jackson's fastest-rising number one single since "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There" in 1970, all of which he recorded as a member of the Jackson 5. It was also a number one hit in the UK, Australia, Canada, France, Ireland, Switzerland and Belgium, and reached the top ten in many other countries. "Billie Jean" was one of the best-selling singles of 1983, helping Thriller become the best-selling album of all time, and became Jackson's best-selling solo single. "Billie Jean" is certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time.

Jackson's performance of "Billie Jean" on the TV special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever was nominated for an Emmy Award. It introduced a number of Jackson's signatures, including the moonwalk, black sequined jacket, and high-water pants, and was widely imitated. The "Billie Jean" music video, directed by Steve Barron, was the first video by a black artist to be aired in heavy rotation on MTV. Along with the other videos produced for Thriller, it helped establish MTV's cultural importance and make music videos an integral part of popular music marketing. The spare, bass-driven arrangement of "Billie Jean" helped pioneer what one critic called "sleek, post-soul pop music".[3] It also introduced a more paranoid lyrical style for Jackson, a trademark of his later music.

"Billie Jean" was awarded honors including two Grammy Awards and an American Music Award. Billboard ranked it as the No. 2 song for 1983. In a list compiled by Rolling Stone and MTV in 2000, the song was ranked as the sixth greatest pop song since 1963. Rolling Stone placed it at number 58 on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004, and at number 44 in its 2021 update of the list. The song was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll.[4] Frequently featured in lists of the best songs of all time, "Billie Jean" was named the greatest dance record of all time by BBC Radio 2 listeners.

Background

[edit]

There never was a real Billie Jean. The girl in the song is a composite of people my brothers have been plagued with over the years. I could never understand how these girls could say they were carrying someone's child when it wasn't true.

—Michael Jackson, Moonwalk (1988)[5]

Jackson said that "Billie Jean" was based on groupies he and his brothers encountered while they performed as the Jackson 5.[5][6][7] "They would hang around backstage doors, and any band that would come to town they would have a relationship with, and I think I wrote this out of experience [sic] with my brothers when I was little. There were a lot of Billie Jeans out there. Every girl claimed that their son was related to one of my brothers."[8]

According to Jackson's biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli, "Billie Jean" was inspired by letters Jackson received in 1981 from a woman claiming he was the father of one of her twins.[9][10] Jackson, who regularly received letters of this kind, had never met the woman and ignored those claims. However, she continued to send letters stating that she loved him and wanted to be with him, asking how he could ignore his own flesh and blood. The letters disturbed him so much that he began to suffer nightmares.[9]

Eventually, Jackson received a parcel containing a photograph of the fan, a gun, and a letter instructing him to die at a particular time. The fan would do the same once she had killed "their" baby, so they could be together in the "next life". The Jacksons later discovered that the fan had been sent to a psychiatric hospital.[9]

Production

[edit]

Jackson said he felt "Billie Jean" would be a success as he was writing it: "A musician knows hit material. Everything has to feel in place. It fulfills you and it makes you feel good. That's how I felt about 'Billie Jean'. I knew it was going to be big when I was writing it."[5][3] He explained that, hearing it in his head while in his car, he was so absorbed that he did not realize his car had caught fire until a passing motorcyclist informed him.[5][3]

Jackson disagreed with the producer, Quincy Jones, about the song. According to some reports, Jones felt it was too weak to be included on Thriller, but Jones denied this.[9][11][12] Jones disliked the demo and did not care for the bassline,[13] and wanted to cut Jackson's 29-second introduction.[3][14] Jackson, however, insisted that it be kept. According to Jones, he conceded when Jackson said it made him want to dance: "And when Michael Jackson tells you, 'That's what makes me want to dance', well, the rest of us just have to shut up."[3][15]

Jones also wanted to change the title to "Not My Lover", as he believed that people would think the song referred to the tennis player Billie Jean King.[16][17] Jackson refused to change the title and asked Jones to give him co-producing credits for the track, as he felt that the finished product sounded close to his demo. In addition, Jackson wanted extra royalties. Jones granted him neither and the two fell out for several days.[9][13]

The American composer Michael Boddicker said that Jackson played the synthesizer part in one take on the Yamaha CS-80 in seven minutes.[18] However, the synthesizer player Bill Wolfer disputed this, saying he played the CS-80 chords on both on the demo and the album version, and that Boddicker was misremembering the session: "Everyone who worked with Michael Jackson knows that he didn't play keys but a tiny bit, and never played them on a record!"[19] According to Wolfer, the part was his sound design: he programmed it to form a hybrid of brass and string sounds, which had a vocal-like quality to it. Jackson heard Wolfer experimenting with the sound on the CS-80 during the Triumph Tour with the Jacksons, which he liked and called Wolfer in for.[19]

Jones had Jackson sing his vocal overdubs through a six-foot cardboard tube.[3] Jackson's lead vocal was performed in one take; he had received vocal training every morning throughout the production of the song.[6] Jazz saxophonist Tom Scott played the lyricon, an electronic wind instrument. Bassist Louis Johnson played his part on every bass guitar he owned, before Jackson settled for a Yamaha bass.[3]

Engineer Bruce Swedien mixed the song 91 times—unusual for Swedien, who usually mixed a song just once. The mixes grew progressively worse, and Jones asked Swedien to listen again to the second mix, which was much better. The second mix was the final version.[13] Instructed by Jones to create a drum sound with "sonic personality" that no one had heard before, Swedien constructed a platform for the drum kit with special elements including a flat piece of wood between the snare and hi-hat. He said: "There aren't many pieces of music where you can hear the first three or four notes of the drums, and immediately tell what the piece of music is. But I think that is the case with 'Billie Jean'—and that I attribute to sonic personality."[3][13]

Composition

[edit]
"Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson
"Billie Jean", a number-one hit single in many countries and written and co-produced by Jackson, mixed uptempo funk and disco with the somber themes of paranoia and obsession.[20]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Billie Jean" blends post-disco,[21] rhythm and blues,[6][21][22] funk,[20][23] and dance-pop.[6] The song opens with a standard drum beat along with a standard hi-hat, and joined two bars later with a cabasa accompanied by a repetitive bassline. Each time it passes through the tonic, the note is doubled by a distorted synth bass. This accompaniment is followed by a repetitive three-note synth, played staccato with a deep reverb. The defining chord progression is then established. Jackson's quiet vocals enter, accompanied by a finger-snap, which comes and goes during the verses, as the rhythm and chord progression repeats.[6] Greg Phillinganes, who played keys, said of the song: "'Billie Jean' is hot on every level. It's hot rhythmically. It's hot sonically, because the instrumentation is so minimal, you can really hear everything. It's hot melodically ... lyrically [and] vocally. It affects you physically, emotionally, even spiritually."[3]

According to Jones, Jackson "stole" notes from the Jon and Vangelis song "State of Independence";[24] Jones had produced Donna Summer's cover of the song, and Jackson had sung backing vocals.[25] According to Jon Anderson, "They took the riff and made it funky for 'Billie Jean' ... So that's kinda cool, that cross-pollination in music."[24] According to Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates, Jackson told him he had taken the "Billie Jean" groove from their 1981 track "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)".[26] Hall told him "Oh Michael, what do I care? You did it very differently."[26]

According to Inside the Hits, the lyrics refer to the commotion created by Billie Jean on a dance floor. She entices the crowd with a seductive come-on before luring the narrator to her bedroom, through the fragrance of her perfume. Jackson's vocal range spanned from a high baritone to a falsetto and he usually wrote melodies to show this range. However, in the verses of "Billie Jean", his vocals range from a tenor to a low falsetto. A four-note falsetto is showcased in the chorus and, during the last line, Jackson peaks at a full octave.[6] The song is in the key of F♯ minor with a tempo of 117 beats per minute, thus the verses are in the key of F♯ dorian.[27] Following the first chorus, a cello-like synth eases in at the beginnings of both the third, and later, the fourth, verses. Upon the announcement that the baby's eyes resemble the narrator's, a voice laments, "oh no". This is met with Jackson's signature falsetto "hee hee".[6] The bridge debuts the strings, and holds a pedal tone tonic with the exception of two lines and a chord leading into the chorus. Violins are then played, followed by a four-note minor guitar part. During the guitar part, vocal shouts, screams and laughs are added. Throughout this, the chord progression remains unaltered and is laced with Jackson's vocal hiccups. All the musical and vocal elements are then brought together in the final chorus. In the fade, the narrator repeats his denial of fathering Billie Jean's child.[6]

Reception

[edit]

On November 30, 1982,[28] Thriller was released to critical and commercial success.[29] On January 3, 1983, "Billie Jean" was released as the album's second single; it follows Jackson's successful duet with Paul McCartney on "The Girl Is Mine".[30][31] The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 5, 1983 and stayed there for seven weeks, becoming Jackson's biggest solo hit.[32] Billboard ranked it as the No. 2 song for 1983.[33] "Billie Jean" topped the R&B chart within three weeks, and became Jackson's fastest-rising number one single since "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There" in 1970, which he recorded as a member of the Jackson 5. It remained at number one for nine weeks on the R&B chart, being preceded by the Gap Band's "Outstanding", before the single was eventually succeeded by George Clinton's "Atomic Dog".[30] "Billie Jean" peaked at number 9 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[31] It was also number one in the UK Singles Chart. "Billie Jean" and Thriller topped both the singles and album charts in the same week. This occurred on both sides of the Atlantic simultaneously, a feat very few acts have ever achieved. The song was the third best-selling single of 1983 in the US and ninth in the UK.[30] "Billie Jean" also reached number one in Canada, Switzerland and Belgium, and the top ten in Austria, Italy, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden.[34][35]

Billboard called it a "brilliant piece of writing" and "one of [Jackson's] finest performances."[36] In a Rolling Stone review, Christopher Connelly described "Billie Jean" as a "lean, insistent funk number whose message couldn't be more blunt: 'She says I am the one/But the kid is not my son'". He added that the track was a "sad, almost mournful song, but a thumping resolve underlies [Jackson's] feelings".[20] Blender stated that the song was "one of the most sonically eccentric, psychologically fraught, downright bizarre things ever to land on Top 40 radio". They added that it was "frighteningly stark, with a pulsing, cat-on-the-prowl bass figure, whip-crack downbeat and eerie multi-tracked vocals ricocheting in the vast spaces between keyboards and strings". Overall, the magazine described the track as "a five-minute-long nervous breakdown, set to a beat".[3] Stylus said of the song, "It's one of the best representations of film noir in pop music, ending with no resolution except a single mother and selfish, careless scumball."[37] In a review of Thriller 25, AllMusic observed that "Billie Jean" was "startling" in its "futuristic funk".[23] The track also won praise from Jackson biographers. Nelson George stated that Jerry Hey's string arrangement added danger to "Billie Jean", while J. Randy Taraborrelli added that it was "dark and sparse" by Quincy Jones' production standards.[9][38]

"Billie Jean" has been recognized with numerous awards and honors. At the 1984 Grammy Awards the song earned Jackson two of a record eight awards; Best R&B Song and Best R&B Male Vocal Performance. It won the Billboard Music Award for favorite dance/disco 12" LP, and the magazine's 1980's poll named "Billie Jean" as the "Black Single of the Decade". The American Music Awards recognized the track as the Favorite Pop/Rock Single, while Cash Box honored the song with the awards for Top Pop Single and Top Black Single. The track was recognized with the Top International Single award by the Canadian Black Music Awards and awarded the Black Gold Award for Single of the Year. "Billie Jean" has also been awarded for its sales. It won the National Association of Recording Merchandisers Gift of Music award for best-selling single in 1984. By 1989, the standard format single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, for shipments of at least one million units.[39][40] The digital sales of "Billie Jean" were certified gold in 2005, for shipments of at least 500,000 units.[41] In May 2014, a viral video of a high school-aged teenager imitating Jackson's Motown 25 performance of the song helped the song re-enter the Billboard Hot 100 at number 14, with much of its chart performance was 95% credited to streams of the viral video.[42] On August 29, 2022, the digital sales of "Billie Jean" were certified Diamond in US.[43]

"Billie Jean" enters the Billboard Global 200 chart where it peaked at 119 on the issue date October 26, 2024.[44]

Music video

[edit]
A male is shown standing in a bent down position on his toes on top of an illuminated tile. He is wearing a black jacket and pants with white shoes and a pink shirt. Behind the male a grey narrow path can be seen as well as buildings in the far background.
Jackson landing on his toes and illuminating a tile in the music video for "Billie Jean"

MTV initially refused to air the video for "Billie Jean", as the network's executives felt black music did not fit into its "rock"-centered programming at the time.[45] Enraged by their refusal despite Jackson's success as a musical artist, Walter Yetnikoff, the president of Jackson's record company CBS Records, threatened to expose MTV's stance on racial discrimination: "I said to MTV, 'I'm pulling everything we have off the air, all our product. I'm not going to give you any more videos. And I'm going to go public and fucking tell them about the fact you don't want to play music by a black guy.'"[3] MTV relented and premiered the "Billie Jean" music video on March 10, 1983.[46] After the video was aired in heavy rotation, Thriller went on to sell an additional 10 million copies.[3][47] It was one of the first videos by a black artist to be aired regularly by the channel.[45]

Directed by Steve Barron and produced by Gowers Fields Flattery, the video shows a photographer who follows but never catches Jackson, as when photographed Jackson fails to materialize on the developed picture. Jackson dances to Billie Jean's hotel room and as he walks along a sidewalk, each tile lights up at his touch.[45][48] After performing a quick spin, he jumps and lands, freeze framed, on his toes. Upon arrival at the hotel, he climbs the staircase to Billie Jean's room, lighting up each step as he touches it and illuminating a burnt-out "Hotel" sign as he passes it. The paparazzo then arrives at the scene and watches as Jackson vanishes under the covers of Billie Jean's bed, before the police arrive and arrest him for spying on Billie Jean.[45] As the paparazzo is led away, he drops a tiger-print cloth that Jackson had left behind after polishing his shoe with it earlier in the video. (On both occasions, the cloth briefly transforms into a tiger cub.) Once the street is empty, the paving tiles again light up in sequence, reversing Jackson's earlier progress.

Jackson's new look for the video, a black leather suit with a pink shirt and a red bow tie, was copied by children around the US.[45] Imitation became so severe that, despite pupil protests, Bound Brook High School forbade students from wearing a single white glove like Jackson had on during the performance of "Billie Jean" at Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever.[49][50]

The short film was inducted into the Music Video Producers Hall of Fame in 1992.[39] In a 2005 poll of 31 pop stars, video directors, agents, and journalists conducted by telecommunications company 3, the music video was ranked fifth in their "Top 20 Music Videos Ever".[51] The video was also ranked as the 35th greatest music video in a list compiled by MTV and TV Guide at the millennium.[52] On June 10, 2021, "Billie Jean" became the first 1980s clip by a solo artist to reach 1 billion views on YouTube.[53]

Motown 25 performance

[edit]
Main article: Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever

Jackson performed "Billie Jean" on the television special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, broadcast on May 15, 1983. The special was recorded on March 25 as a celebration of Motown Records' twenty-fifth anniversary (Motown was launched in 1959). The event featured many popular Motown acts, past and present. Jackson initially refused an invitation to reunite with the Jackson 5 for a performance, but reconsidered after a visit from Motown founder Berry Gordy, whom Jackson respected. Jackson asked to also perform "Billie Jean", to which Gordy agreed.[54][55] Following performances by Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson, and Mary Wells, the Jacksons sang a medley of their early 1970s hits. Jermaine Jackson was on stage with the group, marking the first time that the original Jackson 5 lineup had performed together since they left Motown in 1975. After the group performed "I'll Be There", they left Michael alone on stage.[56]

Jackson wore black pants, leather penny loafers, a black sequined jacket, and a single white rhinestone glove. He addressed the audience, and then "Billie Jean" started playing. (Jackson lip-synced the entire song, because organizers feared that the evening's backing band could not replicate the sound of the recording.)[55] To begin his performance, Jackson snapped a fedora to his head and struck a pose—his right hand on his hat and his left leg bent. During the song's instrumental interlude, he executed a move that many believe sealed his status as a pop icon.[57][58] Jackson glided backwards to perform the moonwalk, before he spun on his heels and landed en pointe.[54] It was the first time Jackson had performed the moonwalk in public; he had practiced it in his kitchen prior to the show.[59]

Many, including Jackson biographer Steve Knopper, have speculated that Jackson's "Billie Jean" costuming and choreography were specifically inspired by a dance routine performed by Bob Fosse in the 1974 musical film The Little Prince.[55] In that film, Fosse, playing "The Snake", sings the song "A Snake in the Grass" and performs an accompanying dance that Fosse himself choreographed. The dance includes a variety of techniques that seemed to be echoed in Jackson's routine, including trademark Fosse elements such as hip thrusts, bent knees, shoulder isolations, jazz hands and kicks, as well a brief moonwalk.[55][60] Jackson openly acknowledged Fosse as a dance influence, having told Fosse himself that he had amassed a complete home collection of Fosse's choreography work in film and television, which he watched frequently.[60] However, Jackson never specifically cited the "Snake in the Grass" routine as an inspiration.[citation needed]

Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever was watched by 50 million people and Jackson's routine earned him an Emmy nomination.[61][62] With the performance, Jackson reached a new audience and increased the sales of Thriller, which eventually became the best-selling album of all-time.[59] The day after the show aired, Jackson was called by his childhood idol Fred Astaire, who commended him. Another childhood idol, Sammy Davis Jr., had admired Jackson's black sequined jacket during the performance and later received it as a gift.[59]

Jackson stated at the time that he was disappointed in his performance; he had wanted to remain on his toes longer than he had.[54] Jackson subsequently said that "Billie Jean" was one of his favorite songs to perform live, but only when he did not have to do it the way he had on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. "The audience wants a certain thing—I have to do the moonwalk in that spot," he later said. "I'd like to do a different version."[39]

In a Top 100 list compiled by VH1 and Entertainment Weekly in 2000, Jackson's performance was ranked as the sixth greatest rock 'n' roll TV moment.[63] Five years later, Entertainment Weekly named Jackson's Motown 25 performance as one of the most important pop culture moments in history. "It was a moment that crossed over in a way that no live musical performance ever had. There was a messianic quality to it", Entertainment Weekly editor Steve Daly commented.[64] David Moynihan of NME wrote in 2009 that "Jackson's status as the world's biggest superstar was confirmed" by the Motown 25 performance.[65]

Pepsi commercials

[edit]

In 1984, Pepsi sponsored the Jacksons' Victory Tour. In return, Michael and his brothers were to star in two commercials for the company.[66] Jackson had reworked "Billie Jean" for the commercial and titled it "Pepsi Generation". The song was used as the official jingle for the commercials and released as a 7" promo single. The launch of "The Choice of a New Generation" campaign in February 1984 was attended by 1,600 people who were issued with a programme and the 7" single.[67] During the filming of the second commercial, a firework in the rear of the set was prematurely detonated, setting Jackson's hair ablaze. The incident necessitated reconstructive surgery.[68][69][70] The commercials were premiered at the Grammy Awards, the same night he collected a record eight awards.[66][71]

Billie Jean 2008

[edit]
"Billie Jean 2008 (Kanye West Mix)"
Song by Michael Jackson and Kanye West
from the album Thriller 25
ReleasedFebruary 8, 2008 (2008-02-08)
Length4:35
Songwriter(s)Michael Jackson
Producer(s)

Michael Jackson's original version of "Billie Jean" was remixed by Kanye West for Thriller 25, a 25th anniversary reissue of Jackson's Thriller. Titled "Billie Jean 2008", the remix garnered a mixed reception; most critics felt that it was impossible to improve upon the original. Pitchfork Media's Tom Ewing stated that the remix would have benefited from a guest verse by West, which "might have added dynamics to the mix's clumsy claustrophobia".[72]

Mike Joseph, in a review of Thriller 25 for PopMatters, described the track listing of the reissue as "pleasant" but that West's "lazy" remix was the only exception. He added, "You've been given the opportunity to remix the most iconic single from one of the most iconic albums of all time, and all you can do is stick a drum machine on top of the song's original arrangement?".[73] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone disliked the removal of the original bassline, and compared it to "putting Bobby Orr on the ice without a hockey stick".[74] IGN's Todd Gilchrist praised West's remix and stated that it was a "pretty great track". He added, "it almost overplays the track's originally understated drama, his additions enhance the song and demonstrate that in a contemporary context."[75]

Legacy

[edit]

"Billie Jean" aided Thriller in becoming the biggest selling album of all time.[76][77]

It was popularly believed that "Billie Jean" was an autobiographical song, referring to someone who claimed Jackson was the father of her child. Based on this theory, Lydia Murdock wrote the song "Superstar", which was a minor hit in 1983, intending this song as a criticism of Jackson's purported denial of paternity.[78]

On his Late Night program in the 1980s, host David Letterman often played a recording of a song with the word "chair" replacing "kid" to create the mondegreen "the chair is not my son".[79]

Frequently listed in magazine polls of the best songs ever made, "Billie Jean" was named the greatest dance record of all time by BBC Radio 2 listeners.[80] In a list compiled by Rolling Stone and MTV in 2000, the song was ranked as the sixth greatest pop song since 1963.[81]

Rolling Stone placed the song at number 58 on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.[82] In the 2021 update of the list it had risen to 44.[83] "Billie Jean" was voted number 2 in The Nation's Favourite Number 1 Single, a British TV program airing on ITV on 21 July 2012. In a similar poll in 2015 the song was voted by the British public as the nation's second favorite 1980s number one.[84]

In an interview, Pharrell Williams stated that "Billie Jean" was one of his favorite songs. "It is hard to say if there is a greater song than 'Billie Jean'. I think there will never be a song like this one again, with this bassline, with this kind of effect, this eternalness, this perfection."[85] When re-released as part of the Visionary campaign in 2006, "Billie Jean" charted at No. 11 in the UK. It remained in the top 200 for over 40 weeks and was the most successful reissue by some distance.[52] According to Thriller 25: The Book (2008), "Billie Jean" is still in heavy rotation; it receives more than 250,000 spins per week in clubs around the world.[85]

Track listings

[edit]

7" single (Epic EPCA 3084 (CBS))[34]

  1. "Billie Jean" – 4:55
  2. "It's the Falling in Love" – 3:46

7" single (Epic 15-06453)[34]

  1. "Billie Jean" – 4:50
  2. "Beat It" – 4:11

12" maxi (Epic 12-3084)[34]

  1. "Billie Jean" – 6:20
  2. "Billie Jean" (instrumental) – 6:20

Personnel

[edit]

Credits adapted from Blender and the album Thriller 25.[3][86]

Charts

[edit]

Weekly charts

[edit]

Certifications

[edit]
Certifications for "Billie Jean"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[148] 9× Platinum 630,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[149] 2× Platinum 200,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[150] 3× Platinum 270,000‡
France (SNEP)[151] Platinum 1,000,000*
Germany (BVMI)[152] 3× Gold 900,000‡
Italy (FIMI)[153] 2× Platinum 140,000‡
Mexico (AMPROFON)[154] Diamond+2× Platinum 420,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[155] Gold 7,500*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[156] 3× Platinum 180,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[157] Gold 500,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[158] 4× Platinum 2,400,000‡
United States (RIAA)[41] Diamond 10,000,000‡
Ringtone
Japan (RIAJ)[159]
Full-length ringtone 		Gold 100,000*
United States (RIAA)[41]
Mastertone 		Gold 500,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

The Bates version

[edit]
"Billie Jean"
Single by the Bates
from the album Pleasure + Pain
Released1995
Length4:25
LabelVirgin
Songwriter(s)Michael Jackson
Producer(s)
  • The Bates
  • Andi Jung
The Bates singles chronology
"A Real Cool Time"
(1995) 		"Billie Jean"
(1995) 		"Say It Isn't So"
(1995)

In 1995, German band the Bates covered "Billie Jean" on their album Pleasure + Pain.

Track listing

[edit]

Maxi-CD

  1. "Billie Jean" – 4:25
  2. "Tonight" (remix) – 3:45
  3. "Love Is Dead" (Part II) – 3:22
  4. "Yeah" (acoustic version) – 1:06

Charts

[edit]
Chart performance for "Billie Jean" by the Bates
Chart (1995–1996) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[160] 68
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[161] 40
Germany (GfK)[162] 21
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[163] 10
UK Singles (OCC)[164] 67

The Sound Bluntz version

[edit]
"Billie Jean"
Single by the Sound Bluntz
Released2002
LabelKontor
Songwriter(s)Michael Jackson
Producer(s)Cory Cash

Canadian group the Sound Bluntz also recorded a cover which peaked at No. 17 on the Australian charts during March 2003.[165] It also reached No. 17 in Belgium, No. 14 in Finland, and No. 53 in the Netherlands.

Track listing

[edit]

CD-Maxi Kontor 14305-5 (Edel)

  1. "Billie Jean" (Beat Radio Mix) – 4:00
  2. "Billie Jean" (Beat Clubb Mix) – 6:50
  3. "Billie Jean" (Full Effect Mix) – 7:34
  4. "Dura Dura" (Reprise) – 1:36

Charts

[edit]
Chart performance for "Billie Jean" by the Sound Bluntz
Chart (2002–2003) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[165] 17
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[166] 17
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[167] 24
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[168] 14
Germany (GfK)[169] 74
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[170] 53
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[171] 93
UK Singles (OCC)[172] 32

Other cover versions

[edit]

English musician Ian Brown took "Billie Jean" to number 5 on the UK charts in 2000. It was the B-side of "Dolphins Were Monkeys". Brown said, "I love Jackson. I want to do a Jackson EP with 'Thriller', 'Beat It', 'Billie Jean' and 'Rockin' Robin' or 'ABC' on it. Hopefully I'll get it done". Brown later covered "Thriller" on Golden Gaze, from his second solo album, Golden Greats.[52][173]

American rock musician Chris Cornell recorded "Billie Jean" for his Carry On album in 2007. Cornell said of his cover, "I didn't plan on it. It just sort of happened organically. I changed the music quite a bit, I didn't touch the lyrics." He added, "And it's not a joke. I took a completely different approach to it, musically."[174] Cornell had previously performed the song live in Europe, including an acoustic set in Stockholm, Sweden in September 2006.[52][174] He later said, "I was getting ready to do some acoustic shows on a promotional tour for Revelations and I just wanted to have fun with it."[175] The cover received favorable reviews from critics. MTV noted the "bluesier, more pained and impassioned feel" which stripped away "any pop elements of the original".[175] Los Angeles Times described the track as "a grim, spooky take" on Jackson's "Billie Jean", and added that it was "amusing enough, even if it sounds a lot more like Metallica's 'Nothing Else Matters'". The newspaper concluded that "Jacko's mega hit [survived] the stunt translation".[176] In 2008, Cornell's version was performed live by David Cook on the seventh season of American Idol,[177] and this version charted on Billboard's Hot 100 at No. 47.[178]

In 2011, Fall Out Boy frontman Patrick Stump covered the song as part of an a cappella medley of Michael Jackson songs, in which he sang all the parts.[179]

In 2015, Irish musician EDEN released a remix of "Billie Jean" then separately released a cover of the song with his own vocals.[180]

In 2022, a clip from the HBO sports documentary series Hard Knocks went viral, where Detroit Lions defensive end Aidan Hutchinson sang the song in front of the team as part of a rookie talent show.

Mashups and remixes

[edit]

In 1983, Italian studio group Club House recorded what would now be known as a mashup of "Billie Jean" and the 1972 Steely Dan song "Do It Again", titled "Do It Again Medley with Billie Jean". The song was a top ten hit in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands. American band Slingshot recorded a note-for-note remake of the song later that same year; this version hit number one on the Billboard Dance/Disco charts.[181]

A DJ named Linx created a mashup of "Billie Jean" and the 1987 Eric B. & Rakim song "I Know You Got Soul" from the original recordings, releasing it in 1997 as "Billie Jean (Got Soul)". This mashup peaked at number 34 in Sweden.[182]

2manyDJs included a mashup of "Billie Jean", Soulwax's "Saturday" and The Residents' "Kaw-Liga" in their mix album As Heard On Radio Soulwax Pt. 2.

Scottish bhangra group Tigerstyle's song "Nachna Onda Nei" includes the backing tracks of both "Billie Jean" and "Under Pressure" by Queen and David Bowie, with new vocals by Kaka Bhaniawala.[183] In April 2008, dance act Signature used "Nachna Onda Nei" on Britain's Got Talent in their audition and again in their final performance.[184][185]

Official remixes

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Roberts, Randall (August 29, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Human Nature': An NYC classic on his birthday". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  2. ^ "Billie Jean". Michael Jackson: Official Versions. October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born: Number 1". Blender. October 2005. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005.
  4. ^ "Experience the Music: One Hit Wonders and the Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d Jackson 1988, pp. 192–194.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Wadhams 2001, pp. 418–422.
  7. ^ Guendelsberger, Emily (December 20, 2008). "Billie Jean files lawsuit saying that he is the one". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  8. ^ Vena, Jocelyn (July 6, 2009). "Michael Jackson Answers Fan Questions in 1996 Thailand Interview". MTV. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Taraborrelli 2004, pp. 223–224.
  10. ^ Murphy, Sport (January 27, 2008). "Man in the moonwalk". New York Post. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  11. ^ Brandle, Lars (May 21, 2014). "Quincy Jones on Michael Jackson's 'Xscape': 'It's About Money'". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  12. ^ Daly, Susan (March 21, 2009). "The genius of Jacko". Irish Independent. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d Halstead 2007, pp. 36–37.
  14. ^ Winterman, Denise (November 30, 2007). "Thrills and spills and record breaks". BBC News Online. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  15. ^ Glentzer, Molly (July 1, 2009). "The steps that made Michael Jackson great". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  16. ^ "Moonwalker everything everyone already knows about Michael Jackson is in his fluffy autobiography". San Jose Mercury News. April 21, 1988. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  17. ^ Jackson, Michael (May 1, 1988). "Thriller of a Lifetime". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  18. ^ Boddicker, Michael (September 1, 2009). "Michael Jackson Keyboard Sounds of His Signature Songs Then and Now: The Vintage Keys of Thriller". Keyboard Magazine. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014.
  19. ^ a b "Michael Jackson collaborator Bill Wolfer sets the record straight on 'Billie Jean' synth sound: "Anyone could have played that part, but I'm proud of the fact that it was my sound design"". MusicRadar. 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2023-02-14.
  20. ^ a b c Connelly, Christopher (January 21, 1997). "Rolling Stone's Thriller review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007.
  21. ^ a b Makinde, Adeyinka (2009). "The Legacy of Michael Jackson". Black-history-month.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
  22. ^ Ripani, Richard J. (2006). The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999. University Press of Mississippi. p. 146. ISBN 1-57806-862-2.
  23. ^ a b Thomas Erlewine, Stephen. "The Funk of 25 Years: Thriller Hits the Quarter Century Mark". AllMusic. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  24. ^ a b O'Neill, Christina (July 20, 2016). "Jon Anderson on how Vangelis album inspired Thriller". Prog. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  25. ^ Marchese, David (February 7, 2018). "In Conversation: Quincy Jones". Vulture.com. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  26. ^ a b Simpson, Dave (April 2, 2018). "Hall and Oates: how we made I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)". The Guardian. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  27. ^ "Billie Jean by Michael Jackson Chords, Melody, and Music Theory Analysis - Hooktheory".
  28. ^ Greenberg, Steve (November 29, 2012). "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' at 30: How One Album Changed the World". Billboard. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  29. ^ Taraborrelli 2004, p. 222.
  30. ^ a b c Halstead 2007, pp. 37–38.
  31. ^ a b George 2004, p. 39.
  32. ^ Trust, Gary (March 6, 2018). "Rewinding the Charts: In 1983, Michael Jackson's 'Billie Jean' Moonwalked to No. 1 on the Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  33. ^ a b "Top 100 Hits for 1983". The Longbored Surfer. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  34. ^ a b c d e f "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  35. ^ a b "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6203." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  36. ^ "Top Single Picks". Billboard. January 22, 1983. p. 69. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  37. ^ Rosenberg, Tal (June 19, 2007). "Michael Jackson – Thriller – The Diamond". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  38. ^ George 2004, p. 23.
  39. ^ a b c Halstead 2007, pp. 38–40.
  40. ^ George 2004, pp. 39–43.
  41. ^ a b c "Gold & Platinum – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  42. ^ Trust, Gary; Caulfield, Keith (May 28, 2014). "Michael Jackson's 'Billie Jean' Returns to Hot 100; Legend Lands 50th Hit". Billboard. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  43. ^ "Michael Jackson's Catalogue Garners Major New Gold & Platinum Awards". Recording Industry Association of America. August 23, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  44. ^ a b "Michael Jackson Chart History (Global 200)". Billboard. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  45. ^ a b c d e Campbell 1993, p. 58.
  46. ^ Palmer, Tamara (March 10, 2013). "How the 'Billie Jean' Video Changed MTV". The Root. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  47. ^ Cocks, Jay (December 26, 1983). "Sing a Song of Seeing". Time. Archived from the original on August 20, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  48. ^ Weitner, Sean (2001). "Michael Jackson: A Life in Film". Flak Magazine. Archived from the original on March 6, 2003.
  49. ^ "School bans Michael Jackson attire". Lakeland Ledger. March 13, 1984. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  50. ^ "White gloves banned". Ottawa Citizen. March 14, 1984. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
  51. ^ Smith, David (January 30, 2005). "Cash tops Thriller with best video ever". The Guardian. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  52. ^ a b c d Halstead 2007, pp. 39–41.
  53. ^ Daniels, Karu F. (June 17, 2021). "Michael Jackson's 'Billie Jean' music video hits 1 billion views on YouTube". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  54. ^ a b c Taraborrelli 2004, pp. 234–240.
  55. ^ a b c d "Inside Michael Jackson's Iconic First Moonwalk Onstage". Rolling Stone. October 5, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  56. ^ O'Connor, John J. (May 16, 1983). "TV: Sound of Motown Celebrated". The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  57. ^ Leopold, Todd (June 6, 2005). "Michael Jackson: A life in the spotlight". CNN. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  58. ^ Cannon, Bob (March 25, 1994). "A Giant Step for Jackson". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  59. ^ a b c Campbell 1993, pp. 65–68.
  60. ^ a b Wasson, Sam (2013). Fosse. Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 533. ISBN 978-0-54755-329-0.
  61. ^ "A Glance at the Career of Michael Jackson". Fox News Channel. June 14, 2005. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  62. ^ Harris, Chris (January 14, 2008). "Michael Jackson, Akon Are 'Startin' Somethin' on Thriller 25 Track". MTV. Archived from the original on January 21, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  63. ^ "Top Rock TV Moment A Really Big Show". CBS News. July 24, 2000. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  64. ^ "The 25 Most Important Pop Culture Moments". CNN. September 1, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  65. ^ Moynihan, David (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson: 1958-2009 – obituary". NME.
  66. ^ a b Taraborrelli 2004, pp. 279–289.
  67. ^ Halstead 2007, p. 205.
  68. ^ "Milestones: Feb. 6, 1984". Time. February 6, 1984. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  69. ^ "Singer Has Operation To Repair Burn Scar". The New York Times. April 19, 1984. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  70. ^ Zoglin, Richard (February 13, 1984). "Too Much Risk on the Set?". Time. Archived from the original on October 11, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  71. ^ "People: Mar. 12, 1984". Time. March 12, 1984. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010.
  72. ^ Ewing, Tom (February 15, 2008). "Michael Jackson – Thriller: 25th Anniversary Edition". Pitchfork. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  73. ^ Joseph, Mike (February 10, 2008). "Michael Jackson: Thriller 25". PopMatters. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  74. ^ Sheffield, Rob (February 21, 2008). "Michael Jackson – Thriller 25 Deluxe Edition". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008.
  75. ^ Gilchrist, Todd (February 7, 2008). "Michael Jackson – Thriller 25th Anniversary Ed". IGN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  76. ^ "How Billie Jean changed the world". The Guardian. London. July 12, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  77. ^ Rayner, Ben (February 10, 2008). "The return of Michael Jackson's Thriller". Toronto Star. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  78. ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 386. CN 5585.
  79. ^ "That song brings back memories: Billie Jean (the chair is not my son)". WBEZ. Chicago, IL. June 26, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  80. ^ "Billie Jean voted top dance song". BBC News Online. July 15, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  81. ^ "Yesterday is top pop song". BBC News Online. November 17, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  82. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time (1-500)". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 23, 2006.
  83. ^ "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time > Michael Jackson, 'Billie Jean'". Rolling Stone. September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  84. ^ Westbrook, Caroline (25 July 2015). "The Nation's Favourite 80s Number One: 12 more classic 80s chart-toppers which didn't make the cut". Metro. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  85. ^ a b Thriller 25: The Book 2008, p. 26.
  86. ^ Michael Jackson (2008). Thriller 25 (liner notes). Epic/MJJ Productions/Legacy/Sony BMG. 88697 17986 2.
  87. ^ Kent, David (2003). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  88. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  89. ^ "UK, Eurochart, Billboard & Cashbox No.1 Hits". MusicSeek.info. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006.
  90. ^ a b Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Michael Jackson". Sisältää hitin - 2. laitos Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla 1.1.1960–30.6.2021 (PDF). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. p. 113. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  91. ^ "Toutes les Chansons N° 1 des Années 80's". InfoDisc (in French). Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  92. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  93. ^ a b "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Billie Jean". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  94. ^ "Classifiche". Musica e Dischi (in Italian). Retrieved May 29, 2022. Set "Tipo" on "Singoli". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Michael Jackson".
  95. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 9, 1983" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  96. ^ a b "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  97. ^ a b "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  98. ^ a b "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". VG-lista. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  99. ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969 – 1989 Acts (J)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  100. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  101. ^ a b "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Singles Top 100. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  102. ^ a b "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  103. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  104. ^ "Michael Jackson Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  105. ^ a b c "Thriller – Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  106. ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles – Week ending MARCH 12, 1983". Cash Box. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012.
  107. ^ Halstead & Cadman 2003, p. 26.
  108. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  109. ^ "50 Back Catalogue Singles – 25/07/2009". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  110. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Tracklisten. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  111. ^ "European Top 50 Singles – compiled by Europarade – Week Ending 18.07.09". World Charts. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
  112. ^ "Michael Jackson: Billie Jean" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  113. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  114. ^ "lescharts.com – Français" (in French). Les classement de telechargement single. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  115. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Top Digital Download. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  116. ^ "Michael Jackson Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  117. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 29, 2009" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  118. ^ "OLiS – oficjalna lista airplay" (Select week 23.09.2023–29.09.2023.) (in Polish). OLiS. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  119. ^ "Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  120. ^ "Billboard Türkiye Top 20". Billboard Türkiye (in Turkish). July 6, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  121. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  122. ^ "The Hot 100". Billboard. June 7, 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  123. ^ "Digital Songs: Week of July 11, 2009". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 6, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  124. ^ "Michael Jackson Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  125. ^ "Kent Music Report – National Top 100 Singles for 1983". Kent Music Report. Retrieved January 22, 2023 – via Imgur.com.
  126. ^ "Forum - ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  127. ^ "Jahreshitparade 1983" (in German). Austriancharts.at. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  128. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1983" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  129. ^ "The Top Singles of 1983". RPM. Vol. 39, no. 17. December 24, 1983. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  130. ^ "TOP – 1983". Top-france.fr (in French). Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  131. ^ "Jahrescharts – 1983". Offiziellecharts.de (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015.
  132. ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1983" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  133. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1983" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  134. ^ "End of Year Charts 1983". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  135. ^ "Top 20 Hit Singles of 1983". Rock.co.za. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  136. ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1983" (in German). Hitparade.ch. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  137. ^ "The Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles of 1983". Official Charts. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  138. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs – 1983". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 20, 2006.
  139. ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1983". Cash Box. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012.
  140. ^ "ChartsPlusYE2006" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  141. ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2009" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  142. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1983" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  143. ^ "Årslista Singlar – År 2009" (in Swedish). Hitlistan. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013.
  144. ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2009" (in German). Hitparade.ch. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  145. ^ "ChartsPlusYE2009" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  146. ^ "Billboard Global 200 – Year-End 2022". Billboard. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
  147. ^ "Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Songs". Billboard. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  148. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2023 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  149. ^ "Canadian single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Music Canada.
  150. ^ "Danish single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  151. ^ "French single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved November 9, 2021. Select MICHAEL JACKSON and click OK. 
  152. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Michael Jackson; 'Billie Jean')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  153. ^ "Italian single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  154. ^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved April 26, 2022. Type Michael Jackson in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Billie Jean in the box under the TÍTULO column heading.
  155. ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  156. ^ "Spanish single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". El portal de Música. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  157. ^ "British single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". British Phonographic Industry.
  158. ^ "British single certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  159. ^ "Japanese ringtone certifications – Michael Jackson – Billie Jean" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved May 23, 2023. Select 2009年12月 on the drop-down menu
  160. ^ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 14 Jan 1996". ARIA. The HP column displays the highest peak reached. Retrieved July 20, 2017 – via Imgur.
  161. ^ "The Bates – Billie Jean" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  162. ^ "The Bates – Billie Jean" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  163. ^ "The Bates – Billie Jean". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  164. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  165. ^ a b "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  166. ^ "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  167. ^ "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  168. ^ "The Sound Bluntz: Billie Jean" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  169. ^ "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  170. ^ "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  171. ^ "The Sound Bluntz – Billie Jean". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  172. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  173. ^ "Brown's Thriller killer!". NME. March 17, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  174. ^ a b Harris, Chris (November 8, 2006). "Chris Cornell Tackles Gospel – And Michael Jackson? – On Solo LP". MTV. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  175. ^ a b Harris, Chris (April 23, 2007). "Chris Cornell Ready to Carry On as Solo Artist: 'I'm Best in My Own World'". MTV. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
  176. ^ Appleford, Steve (June 5, 2007). "Pop Album Review – Chris Cornell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007.
  177. ^ "Cornell Chats 'Idol'/'Billie Jean' Performance". Billboard. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  178. ^ "The Hot Spot > Who's Bad". Billboard. Vol. 120, no. 23. June 7, 2008. p. 53. ISSN 0006-2510.
  179. ^ Futterman, Erica (February 2, 2011). "Patrick Stump Pays Tribute to Michael Jackson in Awesome A Cappella Medley". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  180. ^ Nick (November 23, 2015). "[PREMiERE] EDEN - Billie Jean (Michael Jackson Cover) : Must Hear Cover [Free Download]". Thissongissick. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  181. ^ "Slingshot – Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
  182. ^ "swedishcharts.com – Linx – Billie Jean (Got Soul)". Swedishcharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  183. ^ "BBC Asian Network Summer Sounds". BBC Online. August 2005. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  184. ^ Mohtashim Khan (2010-10-14). Britain's Got Talent - Signature (Michael Jackson VS Bhangra). Retrieved 2024-10-25 – via YouTube.
  185. ^ donsachin. "Signature – Britain's Got Talent – Michael Jackson LL– Full HD". Metacafe. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  186. ^ a b "Michael Jackson - Billie Jean". Discogs. 7 January 1983.
  187. ^ "Michael Jackson - Thriller 25". Discogs. 11 February 2008.
  188. ^ "Michael Jackson - Signature Series". Discogs. 1993.
  189. ^ "Michael Jackson - Thriller 25". Discogs. 2008.
  190. ^ "Michael Jackson - Thriller 25". Discogs. 11 February 2008.
  191. ^ "Michael Jackson - Thriller". Discogs. 2009.
  192. ^ "Various - the Denniz PoP Classic Remixes". Discogs. 6 August 1990.
  193. ^ "Offer Nissim - Happy People". Discogs. 11 April 2008.
  194. ^ "Norty Cotto - Remix". Discogs.
  195. ^ "Love to Infinity - 15 Years of Classic Paradise". Discogs. 2007.
  196. ^ "Various - Club Cuts 251". Discogs. December 2003.
  197. ^ "Various - Commercial Collection 251". Discogs. December 2003.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billie_Jean&oldid=1260446387"